According to Helmut Kohl's son Peter Kohl, Helmut Kohl did not intend to marry Richter and had stated this clearly; "then came the accident and a loss of control," Peter Kohl said, suggesting that Richter had pressured his then seriously ill father into marrying her. In 1986, a child-rearing allowance was introduced to benefit parents when at least one was employed. He could also be rude to subordinates and assistants, and confront political adversaries. The two had a one-hour conversation and released a joint press statement regarding the 2015 European migrant crisis, saying they doubted that Europe was capable of continuing to absorb refugees indefinitely. [12], After graduating in 1956, Kohl became a fellow at the Alfred Weber Institute of Heidelberg University under Dolf Sternberger[13] where he was an active member of the student society AIESEC. "[160] Former U.S. Secretary of State James Baker said Kohl's death means "Germany has lost one of its greatest leaders, the United States has lost one of its best friends and the world has lost a ringing voice for freedom," and that Kohl "more than anyone at the end of the Cold War [...] was the architect of the reunification of Germany" which had "brought freedom to millions and has helped make Europe safer and more prosperous. CSU chairman Franz Josef Strauß had ambitions to run and publicly put Kohl under pressure over what a result would be acceptable in the state elections. [29] He also finalised a territorial reform of the state, standardising codes of law and re-aligning districts, an act that he had already pursued under Altmeier's tenure, taking the chairmanship of the Landtag's committee on the reform. "[165] Former Italian Prime Minister and President of the European Commission Romano Prodi called Kohl "a giant of a united Europe. Helmut Kohl came to power in 1982 following a constructive vote of no confidence. Mai die Ergebnisse der Wahlen in Gleichzeitig verringerte sie die Schulden des Staates. In 1989, special provisions were introduced for the older unemployed. "He was capable of both – being empathetic and being extremely confrontational! [55], In 1985, Kohl and U.S. President Ronald Reagan, as part of a plan to observe the 40th anniversary of V-E Day, saw an opportunity to demonstrate the strength of the friendship that existed between Germany and its former foe. Von Ingo Neumayer Behind the scenes, he attempted to find a majority to unseat Kohl as the party's chairman and replace him with Lothar Späth, the Minister-president of Baden-Württemberg. [134][135][136][137] In his biography of his mother, Peter Kohl wrote about the only time he had visited Richter's apartment, which he described as "a kind of private Helmut Kohl museum" full of Helmut Kohl photographs and artefacts everywhere; "the whole thing looked like the result of a staggering, meticulous collecting for the purpose of hero worship, as we know it from reports on stalkers," Kohl wrote. Nach 16-jähriger Regierungszeit wurden Helmut Kohl und die CDU/FDP-Koalition bei der Bundestagswahl 1998 nicht wiedergewählt. Student aid was made reimbursable to the state[58] while the Health Care Reform Act of 1989 introduced the concept by which patients pay up front and are reimbursed, while increasing patient co-payments for hospitalisation, spa visits, dental prostheses, and prescription drugs. 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[83] On 4 March 2004, he published the first of his memoirs, called Memories 1930–1982, covering the period from 1930 to 1982, when he became chancellor. [61], In 1987, Kohl hosted East German leader Erich Honecker – the first ever visit by an East German head of state to West Germany. "Helmut Kohl's CDU and German Unification: The Price of Success. [92], In 2011, Kohl, despite frail health, began giving a number of interviews and issued statements in which he sharply condemned his successor Angela Merkel, whom he had formerly mentored, on her policies in favour of strict austerity in the European debt crisis and later also towards Russia in the Russo-Ukrainian War,[93] which he saw as opposed to his politics of peaceful bi-lateral European integration during his time as chancellor. Bei den Bundestagswahlen vom 25.01.1987 erzielte die christlich-liberale Koalition einen klaren Sieg, und HELMUT KOHL wurde vom Bundestag erneut zum Bundeskanzler gewählt. He earned a PhD in history at Heidelberg University in 1958, and worked as a business executive before becoming a full-time politician. Kohl was the first in his family to attend university. [23] In 1960, he was also elected to the municipal council of Ludwigshafen where he served as leader of the CDU party until 1969. Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker lauded Kohl as "a great European. Hier finden Sie Informationen zu dem Thema „Migration". [52], In the federal elections of March 1983, Kohl won a resounding victory. Vielen Menschen ist er als "Kanzler der Einheit" in Erinnerung geblieben, weil es während seiner Amtszeit zur Wiedervereinigung der beiden deutschen Staaten kam. [130], While in hospital in 2008 after suffering serious head trauma,[131] Kohl, then aged 78, married Maike Richter, a former Chancellery employee who was 44 years old; they had no children. Domestically Kohl's policies from 1990 focused on integrating former East Germany into reunified Germany, and he moved the federal capital from the "provisional capital" Bonn back to Berlin, although he never resided there because the government offices were only relocated in 1999. Kohl chaired the G7 in 1985 and 1992. (Jahrestag der Charta der deutschen Heimatvertriebenen am 5....)" Richard Saage, Axel Rüdiger, Feinde werden Freunde: Elemente einer politischen Ideengeschichte der Demokratie:historisch-politische Studien, Duncker & Humblot, 2006, p. 285. [114], Kohl faced stiff opposition from the West German political left and was mocked for his physical stature, alleged provinciality, simplistic language, and local Palatinate dialect including hypercorrections which are often employed by people ashamed of their dialect. In the 1976 and 1980 federal elections his party performed well, but the social-liberal government of social democrat Helmut Schmidt was able to remain in power. There were also doubts that the new government had the support of a majority of the people. One month later, the Party of Democratic Socialism – the renamed SED – was roundly defeated by a grand coalition headed by the East German counterpart of Kohl's CDU, which ran on a platform of speedy reunification. In 2010, he had a gall bladder operation in Heidelberg,[90] and heart surgery in 2012. [152], Chancellor Angela Merkel, speaking from the German Embassy in Rome, said that "this man who was great in every sense of the word—his achievement, his role as a statesman in Germany at its historical moment—it's going to take a while until we can truly assess what we have lost in his passing. He was the third child of Hans Kohl (3 January 1887 – 20 October 1975),[5] a Bavarian army veteran and civil servant, and his wife, Cäcilie (née Schnur; 17 November 1891 – 2 August 1979). Coming to terms with these revelations—legally, politically, and personally—added to the tension of the postunification decade. [22], In early 1959, Kohl was elected chairman of the Ludwigshafen district branch of the CDU, as well as candidate for the upcoming state elections. Die neue Bundesregierung wollte "nicht alles anders, aber. Well aware of his constitutional mandate to seek German unity, he immediately moved to make it a reality. His tremendous memory about people and their lives helped him to build up his networks in the Christian Democratic Union, in government and abroad. In answer, the new government aimed at new elections at the earliest possible date. [45], On 9 March 1975, Kohl and the CDU faced re-election in Rhineland-Palatinate. Am Ende kommt es auf die exakte Zahl der Tage im Amt an. Kohl ergriff sie. Later, he was largely rehabilitated by his party. Kohl also greatly increased federal spending on arts and culture. Polls suggested that a clear majority was indeed in reach. The lingering economic gap between the east and west was just one of several difficulties attending unification. After Schmidt had lost the support of the liberal FDP in 1982, Kohl was elected Chancellor through a constructive vote of no confidence, forming a coalition government with the FDP. "[81] While his reputation in Germany suffered in the immediate years after the finance affair, it did not affect his reputation internationally; outside of Germany he was perceived as a great European statesman and remembered for his role in solving the five great problems of his era: German reunification, European integration, the relations with Russia after the fall of the Soviet Union and the Bosnian War. For the entire duration of this marriage, Kohl had a brain injury, was barely able to speak, and was wheelchair-bound. [28][27] During his term, Kohl founded the University of Trier-Kaiserslautern. 柯爾 （德語： Helmut Josef Michael Kohl ，1930年4月3日－2017年6月16日）， 德國 政治家。 曾任 萊茵蘭-普法茲 州州長（1969年－1976年）， 德國基督教民主聯盟 主席（1973年－1998年）， 德意志聯邦共和國總理 （1982年－1998年）。 柯爾在 兩德統一 的進程起到關鍵作用，同時也對 歐洲一體化 進程作出了很多貢獻。 但由於晚年柯爾的基民黨捲入非法 政治獻金 醜聞，柯爾承認自己也接受了數百萬馬克的非法政治獻金，由法院判決罰款換取擱置刑事訴訟，使其歷史評價尚有爭議 [1] 。 目次 1 早年 2 政治生涯 2.1 擔任州長 2.2 反對黨領袖 2.3 西德總理 2.3.1 解散聯邦議會及第一個任期 The national media, for as much as they took notice of him, regarded him with curiosity. ", as Gast quotes a federal minister of Kohl's own party. These states had been the original five states of East Germany before being abolished in 1952, and had been reconstituted in August. [1] Kohl was also a central figure in the eastern enlargement of the EU, and his government led the effort to push for international recognition of Croatia, Slovenia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina when the states declared independence. Kohl wirkte im Kreise der westlichen Verbündeten wie auch gegenüber der damaligen Sowjetunion nachdrücklich für eine zügige Wiedervereinigung. Mit dem "Solidarpakt" finanzieren die Bürgerinnen und Bürger seither, dass sich die Lebensverhältnisse in den ostdeutschen Bundesländern denen im Westen mehr und mehr angleichen. [42] Kohl remained chairman until 1998. Additionally, the Catholic with his Palatinate dialect, a folksy man who had culture but was no intellectual – to North German journalists (like from the important newspapers made in Hamburg, including weeklies Der Spiegel and Die Zeit) he just felt foreign, more than any previous CDU chairman. . Helmut Kohl Größe, Gewicht, Maße, Alter, Biographie, Wiki Wann und wo Helmut Kohl wurde geboren? Unlike Kohl, Strauß did not want to continue as the leader of the CDU/CSU and remained Minister-President of Bavaria. But in general he was no great orator, his speeches were lengthy and verbose, according to Schwarz. [150] It was reported that Kohl had himself chosen the burial location in the late summer of 2015 when his health began to deteriorate. Among others, he was joint recipient of the Charlemagne Prize with French President François Mitterrand for their contribution to Franco-German friendship and European Union. Es war der erste Regierungs- und Kanzlerwechsel in der Geschichte der Bundesrepublik, der nicht aufgrund von Bundestagswahlen zustande kam. [120], In small circles Kohl was fascinating and a perfect host; the larger the crowd, the vaguer, weaker and paler he appeared. Nachdem die FDP die sozialliberale Koalition mit der SPD unter Bundeskanzler Helmut Schmidt (SPD) in der laufenden Legislaturperiode 1982 verlassen hatte, wählte sie gemeinsam mit der CDU/CSU Helmut Kohl im Wege des konstruktiven Misstrauensvotums zum Bundeskanzler, der bei der Bundestagswahl 1976 erfolglos gegen Schmidt angetreten war. [72] After the statement caused a major international backlash that threatened to halt German reunification, Kohl retracted his comments after knuckling under international rebuke, and assured both the United States and the Soviet Union that a reunified Germany would accept the Oder–Neisse line as the final border between Poland and Germany. sagte Hauptgeschäftsführer Helmut Dedy der in Düsseldorf erscheinenden Rheinischen Post. © 2023 Presse- und Informationsamt der Bundesregierung, Weitere Elemente der Metanavigation anzeigen, Zum Twitter-Kanal von Bundeskanzler Olaf Scholz, per E-Mail teilen, Helmut Kohl (1982 - 1998), per Facebook teilen, Helmut Kohl (1982 - 1998), per Twitter teilen, Helmut Kohl (1982 - 1998), per Threema teilen, Helmut Kohl (1982 - 1998). He was succeeded by Bernhard Vogel. Reagan considered that escalating Cold War confrontations with the Kremlin required his strong support for Kohl. [14] In 1958, Kohl received his doctorate degree in history for his dissertation Die politische Entwicklung in der Pfalz und das Wiedererstehen der Parteien nach 1945 ("The Political Developments in the Palatinate and the Reconstruction of Political Parties after 1945"), under the supervision of the historian Walther Peter Fuchs. [91] He was reportedly in "critical condition" in June 2015, following intestinal surgery following a hip-replacement procedure. His opponents within the federal party, but also journalists and other observers, had their doubts whether the parochial, though successful moderniser of a manageable smaller state was the right person to lead the Federal Republic, a big and complicated industrial country. He remained a member of the Bundestag until he decided not to run for reelection in the 2002 election. The FDP wanted to radically liberalise the labour market, while the SPD preferred greater job security. The PDS became the political voice of eastern discontents, with strong if localized support in some of the new Länder. Though, earlier in March of that year, Kohl caused a diplomatic firestorm when he suggested that a reunified Germany would not accept the Oder–Neisse line, and implied that the Federal Republic might wish to restore the frontier of 1937, by force if necessary. [80], Kohl's life after political office in the beginning was dominated by the CDU donations scandal. 1983: Kohls „geistig-moralische Wende". As the Basic Law only allows the dissolution of parliament after an unsuccessful confidence motion, Kohl had to take another controversial move: he called for a confidence vote only a month after being sworn in, which he intentionally lost because the members of his coalition abstained. Kohl, like most West Germans, was initially caught unaware when the Socialist Unity Party was toppled in late 1989. Einige Cookies sind notwendig, um Ihnen die grundlegenden Funktionen dieser Webseite bereitzustellen und können daher nicht deaktiviert werden. April 1930 in Ludwigshafen am Rhein; † 16. Rödder 2009, S. 236 f.; Heinrich August Winkler: Der lange Weg nach Westen. Biographie (wiki) Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (* 3. [163] Polish Prime Minister Beata Szydło called Kohl "an outstanding figure and statesman, a great politician in exceptional times". [2] Kohl was described as "the greatest European leader of the second half of the 20th century" by US presidents George H. W. Bush[3] and Bill Clinton. Sie bleiben als Nutzer anonym. I profoundly admired his wisdom and the ability to make well-considered, far-reaching decisions even in the most difficult situations." Die Genscher/Kohl-Koalition startet . "[159][162] Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte said Kohl was "a great statesman" who had shaped European history. [49] In the 1976 federal election, the CDU/CSU coalition performed very well, winning 48.6% of the vote. [56], Kohl's chancellorship presided over a number of innovative policy measures. Seit einem Schlaganfall im Jahr 2008 saß Kohl überwiegend im Rollstuhl. Kohl was interred in the Cathedral Chapter Cemetery ("Domkapitelfriedhof") in Speyer, directly adjacent to the Konrad Adenauer Park and a few hundred metres to the northwest of the cathedral. Together, they commemorated the deaths of both World Wars. [145] After leaving office in 1998, Kohl became the second person after Konrad Adenauer to receive the Grand Cross in Special Design of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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