A similar shift occurred in China after the Tiananmen Square Massacre from the "universal intellectual" (who plans better futures from within academia) to minjian ("grassroots") intellectuals, the latter group represented by such figures as Wang Xiaobo, social scientist Yu Jianrong, and Yanhuang Chunqiu editor Ding Dong (丁東). Jennings, Jeremy and Kemp-Welch, Tony. You simply need to disown your status and champion the poor and [the] downtrodden [...]. From Latin intellectualis, via French intellectuel. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, British and American pronunciations with audio. – Impressum & Datenschutzerklärung. [22], In the matters of public policy, the public intellectual connects scholarly research to the practical matters of solving societal problems. quotations synonym coordinate terms . (1998), the American libertarian philosopher Robert Nozick of the Cato Institute argued that intellectuals become embittered leftists because their superior intellectual work, much rewarded at school and at university, are undervalued and underpaid in the capitalist market economy. It was good enough to be praised and imitated in 18th century Europe. [17]: 13. High levels of lead could damage the intellectual development of children. Are you smart enough to juggle the word's multiple meanings? After the failure of the large-scale May 68 movement in France, intellectuals within the country were often maligned for having specific areas of expertise while discussing general subjects like democracy. Controversial, in the same year, was Ralf Dahrendorf's definition: “As the court-jesters of modern society, all intellectuals have the duty to doubt everything that is obvious, to make relative all authority, to ask all those questions that no one else dares to ask". Trotzdem können sich Wörter im Laufe der Zeit verändern, was ihre Bedeutung oder Anwendbarkeit betrifft. teachers, artists and other intellectuals. academically gifted. said the Broomstick, "do you consider the hands of a housewife, He has, therefore, requested me to reply in his behalf to two special objections, one of an, The old long sickness, which had been purely an, "That girl was born to be a leader in social and, The better he knew his brother, the more he noticed that Sergey Ivanovitch, and many other people who worked for the public welfare, were not led by an impulse of the heart to care for the public good, but reasoned from, When the illiterate and perhaps scornful trader has earned by enterprise and industry his coveted leisure and independence, and is admitted to the circles of wealth and fashion, he turns inevitably at last to those still higher but yet inaccessible circles of intellect and genius, and is sensible only of the imperfection of his culture and the vanity and insufficiency of all his riches, and further proves his good sense by the pains which be takes to secure for his children that, And this is he whom I call the child of the good, whom the good begat in his own likeness, to be in the visible world, in relation to sight and the things of sight, what the good is in the, Emotional delight is more filling and lasting than. den Intellekt betreffend; verstandesmäßig, geistig, einseitig, betont verstandesmäßig, auf den Intellekt ausgerichtet, die Intellektuellen betreffend, zu ihnen gehörend, Bitte schalten Sie Ihren Adblocker aus, um weiterhin, Nutzen Sie Duden online ohne Werbung und Tracking auf allen Endgeräten für nur. Web. With Reverso you can find the German translation, definition or synonym for intellektuell and thousands of other words. She's incredibly smart and a great writer. Es ist ein unregelmäßiges Verb und hat abweichende Konjugationsformen zum üblichen lateinischen Konjugationsschema der sogenannten e-Konjugation. [8]: 20  [14]: 73–4, The term public intellectual describes the intellectual participating in the public-affairs discourse of society, in addition to an academic career. Kidder, David S., Oppenheim, Noah D., (2006). You can also find related words, phrases, and synonyms in the topics: a region of northern Europe that includes Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, On its last legs (Describing the condition of objects, Part 1), © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. [17]: 1–2  Public intellectuals usually arise from the educated élite of a society; although the North American usage of the term intellectual includes the university academics. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? - So nutzen Sie den Begriff richtig, HELPSTER - Anleitungen Schritt für Schritt, Viele Fremdwörter, die im Deutschen verwendet werden, haben ihren Ursprung im Lateinischen oder im Französischen. "Per se" ist eine sprachliche Wendung, die gebildet klingt und gern eingesetzt wird. In Russia as in Continental Europe, socialist theory was the product of the "educated representatives of the propertied classes", of "revolutionary socialist intellectuals", such as were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Auch aus dem Englischen wurden manche Wörter in den deutschen. - So erklären Sie Fremdwörter, Übersicht: Alles zum Thema Wissen im Alltag, Was bedeutet sukzessive? For the process of developing intellect, see. of the social, economic and political status quo—the ideological totality of society—and its practical, revolutionary application to the transformation of their society. intellektuell Definition Der Begriff ‚intellektuell' entstammt dem Lateinischen. an intellectual book; an intellectual problem. That there are few ideologically and politically independent public intellectuals, and disapproves that public intellectuals limit themselves to practical matters of public policy, and not with values or public philosophy, or public ethics, or public theology, not with matters of moral and spiritual outrage. Sie wurden nicht nur materiell, sondern auch intellektuell und geistig zerstört. intelligence: [noun] the ability to apply knowledge to manipulate one's environment or to think abstractly as measured by objective criteria (such as tests). [24][citation needed], In The Sociological Imagination (1959), C. Wright Mills said that academics had become ill-equipped for participating in public discourse, and that journalists usually are "more politically alert and knowledgeable than sociologists, economists, and especially ... political scientists". Bei der Bedeutungserweiterung lässt sich ein bestimmtes Wort auf mehrere Bereiche, Situationen oder Zustände anwenden. Daniels is undersized, but uber-athletic, Post the Definition of intelligent to Facebook, Share the Definition of intelligent on Twitter, Palter, Dissemble, and Other Words for Lying, Skunk, Bayou, and Other Words with Native American Origins, Words For Things You Didn't Know Have Names, Vol. Numerology Chaldean Numerology Bei dem Wort "intellektuell" ist das auch so. In the pamphlet What Is to Be Done? [20]: 51, An intellectual usually is associated with an ideology or with a philosophy. quick-witted implies promptness in finding answers in debate or in devising expedients in moments of danger or challenge. These examples are programmatically compiled from various online sources to illustrate current usage of the word 'intelligent.' [13]: 22, In Joseon Korea (1392–1910), the intellectuals were the literati, who knew how to read and write, and had been designated, as the chungin (the "middle people"), in accordance with the Confucian system. ©2023 Reverso-Softissimo. Es stammt von dem Verb "intellegere" ab, das im Lateinischen so viel bedeutet wie "einsehen, wahrnehmen, verstehen". That intellectuals occur in each social class and throughout the right-wing, the centre and the left-wing of the political spectrum and that as a social class the "intellectuals view themselves as autonomous from the ruling class" of their society. Wrapped up in his intellectual self-importance, he disdained the farmers. tuell Here are all the possible meanings and translations of the word Intellektuell. An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. To save this word, you'll need to log in. the basic eternal quality of divine Mind. [30]. [26]: 12, In the United States, members of the intellectual status class have been demographically characterized as people who hold liberal-to-leftist political perspectives about guns-or-butter fiscal policy. französisch intellectuel < spätlateinisch intellectualis. Als Intellektueller wird ein Mensch bezeichnet, der wissenschaftlich, künstlerisch, philosophisch, religiös, literarisch oder journalistisch tätig ist, dort ausgewiesene Kompetenzen erworben hat und in öffentlichen Auseinandersetzungen kritisch oder affirmativ Position bezieht. [21][page needed] The Czech intellectual Václav Havel said that politics and intellectuals can be linked, but that moral responsibility for the intellectual's ideas, even when advocated by a politician, remains with the intellectual. Sowell gives the example of Bertrand Russell (1872–1970), who advised the British government against national rearmament in the years before the Second World War. Under Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), a waiver of rights must be knowing and intelligent. Aber wissen …. The Hungarian Marxist philosopher György Lukács (1885–1971) identified the intelligentsia as the privileged social class who provide revolutionary leadership. [A]utonomy is much harder to demonstrate if you come from a poor or proletarian background [...], [thus] calls to join the wealthy in common cause appear to betray one's class origins. in•tel•lek•tu•ell adj intellectual. [citation needed] Consequently, being designated as a public intellectual is determined by the degree of influence of the designator's motivations, opinions, and options of action (social, political, ideological), and by affinity with the given thinker. (1970). Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache. David US English Zira US English How to say Intellektuell in sign language? Translation German - English Collins Dictionary. When 'thingamajig' and 'thingamabob' just won't do, A simple way to keep them apart. Add intellektuell to one of your lists below, or create a new one. A clear distinction between technical and intellectual inventions is required. That because "all knowledge is existentially-based", the intellectuals, who create and preserve knowledge, are "spokesmen for different social groups, and articulate particular social interests". [19][citation needed], Jürgen Habermas' Structural Transformation of Public Sphere (1963) made significant contribution to the notion of public intellectual by historically and conceptually delineating the idea of private and public. "[8]: 20, In early 19th-century Britain, Samuel Taylor Coleridge coined the term clerisy, the intellectual class responsible for upholding and maintaining the national culture, the secular equivalent of the Anglican clergy. [citation needed] Nevertheless, by 1930 the term "intellectual" passed from its earlier pejorative associations and restricted usages to a widely accepted term and it was because of the Dreyfus Affair that the term also acquired generally accepted use in English. intellectually demanding work. Learn more in the Cambridge German-English Dictionary. participation in the public affairs of society. 3. a. Such civil servants earned academic degrees by means of imperial examination, and were often also skilled calligraphers or Confucian philosophers. So ist es möglich, dass sich Bedeutungen erweitern oder verschieben. Delivered to your inbox! [25][page needed] Likewise, Richard Rorty criticized the quality of participation of intellectuals in public discourse as an example of the "civic irresponsibility of intellect, especially academic intellect". High levels of lead could damage intellectual development. Immediately after Arjuna and Raja-Maharaja (kings-emperors) came to the meeting, Nipuna Buddhijibina (perfect intellectuals) appeared at the meeting. (1902), Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924) said that vanguard-party revolution required the participation of the intellectuals to explain the complexities of socialist ideology to the uneducated proletariat and the urban industrial workers in order to integrate them to the revolution because "the history of all countries shows that the working class, exclusively by its own efforts, is able to develop only trade-union consciousness" and will settle for the limited, socio-economic gains so achieved. According to Thomas Sowell, as a descriptive term of person, personality, and profession, the word intellectual identifies three traits: In Latin language, at least starting from the Carolingian Empire, intellectuals could be called litterati, a term which is sometimes applied today. Definitions.net. For Germany, the theologian Alister McGrath said that "the emergence of a socially alienated, theologically literate, antiestablishment lay intelligentsia is one of the more significant phenomena of the social history of Germany in the 1830s". In "An Interview with Milton Friedman" (1974), the American economist Milton Friedman said that businessmen and intellectuals are enemies of capitalism: most intellectuals believed in socialism while businessmen expected economic privileges. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. 2. [38]: 218–276, This article is about the term for a practician of intellect. Solche Bedeutungserweiterungen sind ein ganz natürlicher Prozess der Sprachentwicklung und finden in nahezu allen gesprochenen Sprachen statt. Intellectuals were also targeted by the Nazis, the communist regime in China, in communist Romania by the Romanian Communist Party (PCR) and the Securitate, the Khmer Rouge, the Young Turks, and in conflicts in Bangladesh, the former Yugoslavia, and Poland. 0 && stateHdr.searchDesk ? (Translation of intellektuell from the GLOBAL German–English Dictionary © 2018 K Dictionaries Ltd), a region of northern Europe that includes Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, On its last legs (Describing the condition of objects, Part 1), © Cambridge University Press & Assessment 2023. Im 17. und 18. ‚Intellektuell‘ lässt sich auch mit ‚den Intellekt betreffend‘ beschreiben. Educated; erudition for developing theories; Di Leo, Jeffrey R., and Peter Hitchcock, eds. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, British and American pronunciations with audio. ", "Richard Posner's table of 600+ public intellectuals", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Intellectual&oldid=1157898793. Manchmal ist es gar nicht so einfach, deren Ursprung herzuleiten und die aus einer anderen Sprache stammenden Wörter richtig zu verwenden. In Imperial China in the period from 206 BC until AD 1912, the intellectuals were the Scholar-officials ("Scholar-gentlemen"), who were civil servants appointed by the Emperor of China to perform the tasks of daily governance. [10]: 169–71, In Marxist philosophy, the social class function of the intellectuals (the intelligentsia) is to be the source of progressive ideas for the transformation of society: providing advice and counsel to the political leaders, interpreting the country's politics to the mass of the population (urban workers and peasants). Philosopher Steven Fuller said that because cultural capital confers power and social status as a status group they must be autonomous in order to be credible as intellectuals: It is relatively easy to demonstrate autonomy, if you come from a wealthy or [an] aristocratic background. 1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. Latin intelligent-, intelligens, present participle of intelligere, intellegere to understand, from inter- + legere to gather, select — more at legend, circa 1540, in the meaning defined at sense 1a. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced search—ad free! [23][page needed] An example is how Chilean intellectuals worked to reestablish democracy within the right-wing, neoliberal governments of the Military dictatorship of Chile (1973–90), the Pinochet régime allowed professional opportunities for some liberal and left-wing social scientists to work as politicians and as consultants in effort to realize the theoretical economics of the Chicago Boys, but their access to power was contingent upon political pragmatism, abandoning the political neutrality of the academic intellectual. This page was last edited on 17 March 2023, at 18:38. Hier zeigt sich, dass aus lateinischen Verben oft nicht nur Adjektive, sondern genauso auch Substantive abgeleitet werden, so wie Intellekt. mental acuteness : shrewdness. [25]: 99  That, because the universities of the U.S. are bureaucratic, private businesses, they "do not teach critical reasoning to the student", who then does not know "how to gauge what is going on in the general struggle for power in modern society". [8]: 21, In the 20th century, the term intellectual acquired positive connotations of social prestige, derived from possessing intellect and intelligence, especially when the intellectual's activities exerted positive consequences in the public sphere and so increased the intellectual understanding of the public, by means of moral responsibility, altruism, and solidarity, without resorting to the manipulations of demagoguery, paternalism and incivility (condescension). An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about the reality of society, and who proposes solutions for the normative problems of society. Rational rather than emotional: an intellectual decision. These examples are from corpora and from sources on the web. Noam Chomsky expressed the view that "intellectuals are specialists in defamation, they are basically political commissars, they are the ideological administrators, the most threatened by dissidence. intellektuell. Moreover, some intellectuals were anti-academic, despite universities (the academy) being synonymous with intellectualism. Der korrekte Gebrauch von Fremdwörtern kann einem in vielen Gesprächssituationen von Nutzen sein. He is particularly critical of social scientists and technocrats, who provide a pseudo-scientific justification for the crimes of the state. In his essay "Why Do Intellectuals Oppose Capitalism?" [8]: 18  Over the course of the 19th century, other variants of the already established adjective 'intellectual' as a noun appeared in English and in French, where in the 1890s the noun ('intellectuels') formed from the adjective 'intellectuel' appeared with higher frequency in the literature. Intellektuelle, Intellekt, Intellelle, Intellektualismus. https://www.thefreedictionary.com/intellectual, Saintsbury rightly points out, in correction of an imperfectly informed French critic of our literature) the radical distinction between poetry and prose has ever been recognized by its students, yet the imaginative impulse, which is perhaps the richest of our purely, He knew, for example, that however magnetic his ascendency in some respects was over Starbuck, yet that ascendency did not cover the complete spiritual man any more than mere corporeal superiority involves, THIS courage, at last become subtle, spiritual and, Life meanwhile- real life, with its essential interests of health and sickness, toil and rest, and its, "What!" The British sociologist Michael Burawoy, an exponent of public sociology, said that professional sociology has failed, by giving insufficient attention to resolving social problems, and that a dialogue between the academic and the layman would bridge the gap. The word in the example sentence does not match the entry word. intellectual ( plural intellectuals ) An intelligent, learned person, especially one who discourses about learned matters. It was destroyed not only materially, but also intellectually and spiritually. * = Affiliatelink // Copyright © Definition-online.de. Synonym: highbrow. You can complete the translation of intellektuell given by the German-English Collins dictionary with other dictionaries: Wikipedia, Lexilogos, Langenscheidt, Duden, Wissen, Oxford, Collins dictionaries... German-English dictionary : translate German words into English with online dictionaries. Europarl Parallel Corpus - German–English. intelligent: [adjective] having or indicating a high or satisfactory degree of intelligence and mental capacity. Meist verfügt ein intellektueller Mensch über entsprechende Kompetenzen in der Wissenschaft, der Literatur, dem Journalismus, der Kunst oder der Religion und setzt sich öffentlich damit auseinander. The Italian communist theoretician Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) developed Karl Marx's conception of the intelligentsia to include political leadership in the public sphere.
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